Bbioho4
- Joined Aug 13, 2022
do we need to know about photosystems 1 and 2 in the light dependent stage of photosynthesis? if so could someone please explain.
MCQ 10 in the 2022 vcaa exam involves it but I have never seen any other questions about it ever, nor is it specified in the study design, nor was I taught it by my tutor or at school! just seems like such a random question.How did everyone go? I've heard it was easier than previous years ones, but had a lot of bioethics?
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chemistry1111 no one can tell what types of questions they will ask. if they do ask it will most likely be drawing 1 or 2 branches on a phylogenetic tree that is already provided, as opposed to drawing an entire tree from scratch. Have a look at question 9c from the 2020 vcaa exam if you want to get an idea of what it might look like.
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md2112 monoclonal antibodies can either stimulate, supress or have no effect on the immune system. it just depends on what the antibody is targeted for.
For cancerous cells, monoclonal antibodies can be modified to carry toxins (anti-cancer drugs), so when the antibody binds to the non-self antigen on the surface of the cancerous cell, it releases the toxins which enter the infected cell and induce apoptosis, causing the cancerous cell to die. This stimulates the immune system.
For autoimmune diseases, antibodies can be targeted to block particular proteins in the pathway of the infection, e.g. with Rheumatoid arthritis, monoclonal antibodies can block a protein that causes inflammation. So blocking that protein will prevent inflammation and help alleviate symptoms of the condition. This suppresses the immune system.
I would suggest having a look at question 6 in the 2022 sample exam as it talks about this.BEST OF LUCK TO EVERYONE FOR TOMORROW!!!
chemistry1111 validity = are you measuring what you want to measure? and can your results be applied to the general population (important to have random sampling)
accuracy = how close is your data to the 'true,' 'known,' or 'standard' values (comparing your results to what 'should' have happened)chemistry1111 Social implication relates to the community (e.g. birth rates, death rates, standard of living) and money/profits. Biological implication relates to the functioning of the organism e.g. better nutrition, reduced risk of disease.
No you do not need to know about the BMP4 gene.chemistry1111 no it's not
chemistry1111 I believe endo and exocytosis is still required knowledge, haven't seen any information saying it isn't needed anymore
clazah attached antibody = antibody on a B cell; used during clonal selection in humoral response.
Free antibody = singular antibody floating in either the blood or lymph, which can bind to antigens on pathogens and create an antibody-antigen complex. This enhances phagocytosis of the pathogen.hi, can someone help me with questions 2e, 3c and all of question 9 from the 2022 vcaa sample exam? And is it just me or is this exam a lot harder than previous years vcaa exams? The question style seems skewed towards more "subjective" application questions instead of technical theory questions...
_sophiestudies_ it is very very annoying - not sure why they don't provide sample answers. my teachers haven't provided any. if you're teachers have it'd be great if you could send it through!
hi there, does anyone have answers for the 2022 vcaa sample exam? if your teachers gave them to you or if you've seen them online cos i cant find any answers for section B. thanks in advance!!!