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sarah99

sarah99

Hey @sarah99,

Sorry if it's too late but to answer that I'll go through the whole working out. So to summarise the question, it's solving the equation 𝑦 = 2 sin(𝑥)−1 for 𝑥 where 𝑦 = 0, over the domain 0≤𝑥≤3𝜋.
2sin(𝑥)−1=0
sin(𝑥)=1/2
𝑥=𝜋/6 (which is correct with your reference angle you calculated too)

So from there, you need to first draw out or see what x values equal to 𝜋/6 from 0 to 2𝜋 first. So obviously, that would be 𝑥=𝜋/6 in the first quadrant and then 𝑥=5𝜋/6 in the second quadrant (remember, these are quadrants where sin is positive). The other two quadrants in 0 to 2𝜋 don't have values for x since they will be negative.

Now extending this to 3𝜋, you see that you are essentially extending to 180 degrees (or 𝜋). So here you get another two solutions that are in the first and second quadrant as well which will be essentially 2𝜋 plus the first two solutions we got so that will be 𝑥=2𝜋+𝜋/6=13𝜋/6 and 𝑥=2𝜋+5𝜋/6=17𝜋/6.

So yeah all your solutions for 𝑥 will be 𝜋/6, 5𝜋/6, 13𝜋/6 and 17𝜋/6. Since there are two sets of quadrant 1 and 2 from 0 to 3𝜋.

Anyways, hope that helps and let me know if you have any more questions!

• PP

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sarah99
During the period of darkness, only cellular respiration is occurring (50 ml/hr average oxygen used for cell resp.)
During the period of bright light, however, both photosynthesis and cellular respiration is occurring, and it is shown that the NET average oxygen released is 200 mL/hr. It is already known that cellular respiration is using 50 ml of oxygen per hour, thus 250 ml of oxygen must also be released per hour during photosynthesis, so the NET average oxygen released is 200 mL/hr.

Sorry if this is a bad explanation, I'm also doing bio lol

sarah99 o2 is only an issue in photosynthesis where it leads to photorespiration and glucose is not produced. but when it comes to cellular respiration it is no issue and it acc needs o2 as an input (in aerobic respiartion). My advice don't try to like yk get urself confused just make them isolated from one another (the processes). photosynthesis is for the plant to provide itself glucose to make the complex molecule startch and cellular respiration provides energy and both glucose and energy enable the plant to grow. i hope that answered your question

sarah99 because its in charge of making a lot of trp so when its stoped from getting translated quite a few trp amino acids are not made so that means less trp is produced and basically the amount of trp is regulated therefore the bacteria can conserve energy. hope that answered ur q

sarah99 so plants undergo both cellular respiration and photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, they take in CO2 in the second stage so the Independent stage and then the co2 undergoes carbon fixation and as a result glucose is produced. They also take out oxygen in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis. Whereas in cellular respiration (aerobic respiration) plants take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide (just like us) and eventually make ATP. I hope that helped.

sarah99 let me see if I can help!

1. Interferons have antiviral properties, so they're going to try and stop virus replication. In order for viruses to replicate, they're going to take over a host cell and its gene expression machinery, meaning interferons will pause gene expression to prevent viral proteins from being produced (aka preventing viral replication). I'm assuming it would just be preventing gene expression of viral genes, not the cell's genes. That said, the cell would probably have to be cleared from the body anyway because it's already virally infected. The interferons will just prevent the virus from spreading further.
2. No. The proteome includes all the proteins expressed in an organism. This includes MHC I, but also other proteins in the organism too.
3. Viruses and tumours/cancerous cells can downregulate the expression of MHC I markers, meaning they can be absent. Some may be present, presenting viral or tumour/cancer peptides (i.e. antigens). Some would function abnormally as well. NK cells will just look to see if normal MHC I markers are being expressed or stressed/abnormal markers, and if there's been any downregulation in the number of MHC I markers.

lune777 this is probably referring more to the fact that Rubisco's affinity to bind with O2 and CO2 changes depending on the conditions, and in a sense, these two substates compete to bind to Rubisco's active site. Therefore, the two processes compete with each other. Plus, you're not just going to have one Rubisco enzyme doing all the work in the plant, but rather heaps, so at points, some may bind to O2 and some may bind to CO2. I guess some cells would be undergoing photosynthesis, whilst some may undergo photorespiration depending on the situation. It's all about relative affinity and the levels of substate present. Overall, there will be a swing towards one or the other, and in those hot/dry conditions, there are C4 and CAM plants to accommodate for its negative impacts on Rubisco (i.e. increased photorespiration). I hope that makes sense!