hi all, could someone pls help me with this question
Gene regulation is the process of turning genes on or off in a particular cell.
a. State two advantages for an organism of being able to turn genes on or off in particular cells.
thank you
biology unit 3/4
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One of them is because it's More efficient. Energy is not wasted by making proteins that are not needed.
I can't for the life of me remember the other.
Hey Guys, what is two primary types of genes?
yr12student22
I'm pretty sure the two primary types of genes we need to know about are structural and regulatory genes.
what are the biological consequence of increased genetic diversity? and what are the biological consequences of decreased genetic diversity?
yr12student22
Increased genetic diversity results in higher adaptive potential and lower chance of inbreeding. Conversely, decreased genetic diversity results in lower adaptive potential and a higher chance of inbreeding.
atarwonders
A second advantage could be prevents the overproduction of proteins which could accumulate in the cell
what happens to the resulting protein in silent mutation or nonsense?
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Hi! In cellular Respiration, do we have to know the amount of inputs and outputs. For example, if theres 8 NAD, do we have to know the number because vcaa now expects us to know that only 26-28 atp is produced in aerobic respiration and even if we have to know the amount (of inputs and outputs) it is likely to be wrong in the books?? HELP PLS
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AnanyaSharma as far as I’m aware, it’s not necessary. In the past exams I’ve done it’s never been specified, you just need to know what the actual compounds are themselves.
Check the FAQ document they have a lot of stuff explained there. 
)
Love your pfp bahaha
AnanyaSharma you do need to know the ATP numbers (you'll see this in practice exams), but I don't think it's necessary for the other compounds like NADH and FADH2 (although, it can be helpful to understand the processes of aerobic cellular respiration. Also, just to note, the new ATP numbers are 30 or 32 ATP for aerobic cellular respiration (2 for glycolysis, 2 for the Krebs cycle, and 26 or 28 for the electron transport chain). You also need to say "or" instead of "-" from what I've heard.
God Yeah one of them is to save energy and resources and prevent production of a gene product when its not needed
And the second is to produce sufficient quantities of a specific gene product ex- ATP synthase in muscle cells that undergo high rates off aerobic cellular respiration due to their large ATP requirement
yr12student22 In a silent mutation theres no change to the protein’s 3D tertiary structure as the single base substitution still codes for the same amino acid due to the degeneracy of the genetic code.
With missense although there’s a change of one amino acid- it does not entirely change the 3D tertiary protein structure due to misfolding as a result of different interactions between the variable R groups of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. This wont be as significant of an effect compared to framshifts where the protein becomes non functional
Hey guys, i am really struggling with natural selection and selective breeding. can someone please give me a example that summaries it.
7 days later
the main difference is what is acting as the selection pressure.
For natural selection, take the example of grey and black moths in an environment, the selection pressure is the predators who may see the grey moths better when they are against darker bark on trees. This will allow for the moths to be 'fitter' since they are selected by their environment.
for artificial selection think of cows being bred to produce more meat. Humans are the selection pressure selecting more meaty cows to breed together. In the end, they aren't necessarily 'fitter'.
hi! how do i answer this question;
Smallpox was one of the deadliest human viral diseases. People who survived this disease were often badly
scarred, blinded or both. In April 1789, 15 months after the British arrival to Australia, a major smallpox
outbreak occurred. In terms of the number of infected individuals and subsequent deaths, the outbreak
affected the Indigenous population to a greater extent than the British population.
a. The British population and the Indigenous population were both exposed to the smallpox virus.
Suggest one reason why the Indigenous population was affected to a greater extent than the British
population. Explain your response.
in my answer i stated the role of the antigen presenting cells was that the only thing needed? or do i have to implement 'smallpox virus' in my answer to get the full 3 marks
Do mutations or genetic drift have a greater effect on the gene pool?
Thanks
chemistry1111 Genetic drift since it tends to have a more profound and drastic effect on the gene pool, since the bottleneck effect wipes out much of a population and the founders effect can drastically reduce the gene pool its allele frequency due to migrating populations not genetically reflecting the many alleles found in the initial population (both populations, initial and founded, are usually greatly impacted). The effect of genetic drift can be even more pronounced in small populations, causing some to become extinct. Mutations occur all the time and are often quite small or random. Since they tend to only occur in one individual, they don't suddenly change the entire gene pool. Obviously, natural selection will alter the allele frequencies in response to a mutation and its possible advantages or disadvantages will alter the gene pool. However, you'd need a lot of mutations to have a sudden and drastic impact, and changes tend to occur gradually over time. Genetic drift is usually more sudden in its impact. The level of impact of mutations simply isn't the same as genetic drift tends to be. That said, I might be wrong, but that's sort of what I've been taught.
what's the relationship between the pathogen and antigen?
yr12student22 The antigen is a "body part" of the pathogen that your immune system recognises as foreign. Antigens can be proteins expressed by the pathogen, although there can be self-antigens produced by the body of someone affected by an autoimmune disease