does anyone know if we are allowed to use pencil to draw flow charts, phylogenetic trees and any type of drawings on the exam?

    Lemonade_222 you can use pencil but it need to be quite dark (so it will show up on the scanned copies) and not a really smudgy lead (this will ruin your other pages). Pen is always best, but I did my whole exam in pencil and was absolutely fine. Unless the rules have changed since last year, I think you'll be okay.

      What is the dating period of potassium argon dating and uranium lead datin?

        @"Taaaa76"#p16146this is from my textbook, idk what the brackets for the uranium lead one is supposed to mean though.

        Uranium-235 – lead-207
        dating period:1 million – 4.5 billion years (used together with U-238 – Pb-206 dating)

        Potassium-40 – argon-40
        dating period: 100 000 + years

          Taaaa76
          Potassium-argon

          • half-life of Potassium-40: 1 300 000 000 years

          • useful in the range from 0.5 million years and older

          Uranium-lead

          • half-life of Uranium-235: 710 000 000 years

          • useful in the range from 10 million years and older

          I got this from the Jacaranda textbook.

            You too! Hope we all do well

            does anyone have TSSM 2022 units 3 and 4 trial exam solutions?
            I did the exam but I don't have the solutions for it

                          https://publuu.com/flip-book/280215/655032

              i'm not sure if this works, I used an online converter

                Hey y'all I just have a couple of last-minute Biology questions haha!

                1. What extent of detail is required for the Attenuation regulation process? I've spent time in class looking at the specific leader regions (2,3 and 4) involved in the different hairpins but in some VCAA reports that level of detail isn't included (just wanted to double-check
                2. What is the last dot point all about (Migration of Aboriginals/Indigenous populations)? My class didn't actually cover this so I'm a little confused!

                  do you think its ok to talk about continental drift when its about human migration eg why is there fossils of neanderthals in Australia or something like that? i remember learning about it but every time I answer a question they never talk about continental drift

                  GeorgeOfTheJungle for question 2 did you mean "ways of using fossil and DNA evidence (mtDNA and whole genomes) to explain the migration
                  of modern human populations around the world, including the migration of Aboriginal and
                  Torres Strait Islander populations and their connection to Country and Place."?
                  i think this is talking about the important place in Australia for Aboriginal and Torre Strait Islanders eg Lake Mungo as a sign of cultural evolution with the burial site and devils lair with bone points and bead artefacts

                      Taaaa76
                      Heyy, these are the steps I use (not 100% sure but I think they're a good starting point)

                      1. DNA strands are unwound and separated into 2 singular strands by RNA polymerase
                      2. RNA polymerase runs along the template strand in a 3-prime to 5-prime direction, adding complementary RNA nucleotides against the DNA strand
                      3. The mRNA strand separates from the template strand and the DNA strands join back up
                        EXTRA STEP (RNA processing) - The pre mRNA strand has its introns spliced out, a 5-prime Methyl cap and a 3-prime PolyA tail added

                      Hope that helps you out!!

                          Taaaa76 No. the pre-mRNA strand is synthesised in a 5'-3' direction. DNA runs in an antiparallel assortment, thus to synthesise a 5'-3' pre-mRNA strand, the DNA template strand must be read in a 3'-5' direction