GreenAcorn

c:_melly If you have an interest in Chemistry and the motivation to apply yourself, I would say go for it! That's what Year 11 Chemistry is for, familiarising you with the basic concepts before going into Year 12.

chimichurri The Study Design says that you need to know 'initiation of an immune response, including antigen presentation, the distinction between self-antigens and non-self antigens, cellular and non-cellular pathogens and allergens'. I would assume this just means being able to distinguish self-antigens, non-self antigens, cellular pathogens, non-cellular pathogens and allergens. I don't think you need to know about allergen immunotherapy or desensitisation.

Meep<3 I found this in the Edrolo textbook:

"THE VACCINE DEBATE
Various groups have raised concerns about vaccinations, either questioning their efficacy or, more commonly, their safety. While there are rare occurrences of individuals experiencing severe side effects to a vaccine, these complications are less common than the adverse risks associated with the disease the vaccine prevents. Vaccines must undergo rigorous safety and efficacy testing before being introduced to the public. To date, any study questioning the safety of approved vaccines has been proven unreliable, and all studies investigating the efficacy and safety of these vaccines have found that they are safe and incredibly effective at preventing people from becoming ill with serious, deadly diseases.

Unfortunately, anti-vaccination sentiments have led to some people refusing to get vaccinated or having their children or relatives vaccinated. This has led to outbreaks of diseases that were previously controlled by herd immunity. For example, unfounded speculation about the safety of the mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccine led to a decrease in vaccinations in Wales in the 2000s, leading to an outbreak of measles in 2013."

Meep<3 By immunity, do you mean artificial immunity such as vaccinations?

Greta Depends what the photosynthesis experiment is. But you could change one of various factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, such as temperature, pH, carbon dioxide concentration, wavelength of light, intensity of light, water availability, addition of enzyme inhibitors, etc. and measure its effect on the rate of photosynthesis.

sodacat_
Just adding to PhytoPlankton's excellent response with an example methodology you can use when answering these types of questions.

What I find really helpful when balancing equations is to first balance elements other than hydrogen and oxygen (in this case calcium and chloride), then balance the hydrogens and finally balance the oxygens.

1. Balancing calcium and chloride
   We have equal numbers of calcium atoms on both sides of the equation so we don't have to do anything.
   There are two chloride atoms on the right hand side of the equation and one chloride atom on the left hand side. So we need to double the number of chloride atoms on the left hand side by putting a '2' in front of HCl.

2HCI + ____ Ca(OH)2 --> ______ CaCl2 + H2O

2. Balancing hydrogen
   We have four hydrogen atoms on the left hand side (2 from HCl and 2 from Ca(OH)2) but only two hydrogen atoms on the right hand side of the equation. Therefore we need to double the number of hydrogen atoms on the right hand side. We do this by putting a '2' in front of H2O.

2HCI + ____ Ca(OH)2 --> ______ CaCl2 + 2H2O

3. Balancing oxygen
   We have two oxygen atoms on the left hand side (from Ca(OH)2) and two oxygen atoms on the right hand side. Oxygen atoms are balanced so we don't need to do anything.

2HCI + Ca(OH)2 --> CaCl2 + 2H2O

Hope that helps.

jinx_58
Just adding to AngelWings, you can often also find digital versions of textbooks on the uni library page.

If you do decide to purchase a hard copy textbook, I would highly recommend checking out Student VIP. You can purchase quality secondhand textbooks on there at reasonable price.

Musiclover
You mean the Bachelor of Biomed at Melbourne Uni? VCE Chemistry is already a prerequisite. VCE Biology isn't, but I would highly recommend doing it. Most of the VCE Biology content is also present in a lot of the core Biomed subjects. So doing VCE Biology would give you an advantage as you would already be familiar with some of the content.

snowflake
Combusting 1 tonne of C3H8 releases 1.68 × 10⁴ MJ

So the question is, how much energy does combusting 1 mol of C3H8 release?

So first you need to convert 1 tonne into mol:
1 tonne = 1 000 000 grams
n = m/M (n = number of moles, m = mass, M = molar mass)
M (C3H8) = 3 x 12 + 8 x 1 = 44 g/mol
n = 1 000 000 / 44 = 22727 mol

So if combusting 22727 mol of C3H8 releases 1.68 × 10⁴ MJ, combusting 1 mol would release (1.68 x 10⁴)/22727 MJ = 0.7392 MJ = 0.7392 x 1000 kJ = 739.2 kJ

Therefore, the ΔH value, in kJ mol–1, for the thermochemical equation is 739 kJ/mol.

Hi, if you're planning on studying medicine I would strongly encourage you to choose Biology. There's a lot of overlap between VCE Biology and what you'll be studying in medicine or pre-medicine.