Taaaa76 This knowledge is not required, but it is commonly referred to as tracrRNA. It essentially anchors the gRNA to the Cas9 endonuclease.

    do we have to know specific numbers for the inputs and outputs for cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

    eg. 12 ADP+Pi ---> 12 ATP (photosynthesis light dependent stage)

      Do we need to know positive and negative controls of PCR?

        Taaaa76 I am not entirely sure, but I am pretty sure specifics of the negative and positive control for PCR are not required. You should generally know the function of a negative and positive control, as they very well could relate such key knowledge (of that being scientific investigation) to PCR and involve positive and negative controls.

            stevendort sorry i meant for gel electrophoresis, what are the negativr and positive controls for PCR?

                Taaaa76 Sorry I also meant gel electrophoresis, mb.

                But I can honestly imagine a question 11 on gel electrophoresis and the examiners asking what the function of a specific lane acting as a control is. So I would honesty remember, briefly, the functions of the positive and negative control.

                  010000studyhard
                  it was alright. The Multple choice was pretty easy like always. The short answer required more application questions, and i missed like 6 questions due to less time and couldn't come up with answers for those. SO yeah i prob barely passed🙁

                      what about u?

                      HKS
                      omg I lost like 5 marks cuz of that one human insulin question 🙁

                      • HKS replied to this.

                          HKS
                          nahhh im sure I lost more marks its just that im 100% sure I lost that 5 marks

                            HKS hey if it makes you feel better, because you made me feel better knowing i wasnt alone because all my friends finished, but i also ran out of time and missed pretty much the same amount of questions. in my normal practice exams i had lots of time left, but for the actual exam i ran out of time. but it's ok hopefully, other people may be in the same boat and some people have said this was a harder exam, so if people finished, they may not have got it all right anyway 🙂

                            • HKS replied to this.

                                louisoph
                                thanks<3 that actually makes me feel better about myself!

                                  7 months later

                                  hello!!
                                  I have no clue if this thread is still alive but I had a question about photosynthesis.
                                  What does "photorespiration competes with photosynthesis" mean?
                                  If photorespiration occurs, doesn't that mean photosynthesis can't occur?
                                  thank you!

                                    lune777 this is probably referring more to the fact that Rubisco's affinity to bind with O2 and CO2 changes depending on the conditions, and in a sense, these two substates compete to bind to Rubisco's active site. Therefore, the two processes compete with each other. Plus, you're not just going to have one Rubisco enzyme doing all the work in the plant, but rather heaps, so at points, some may bind to O2 and some may bind to CO2. I guess some cells would be undergoing photosynthesis, whilst some may undergo photorespiration depending on the situation. It's all about relative affinity and the levels of substate present. Overall, there will be a swing towards one or the other, and in those hot/dry conditions, there are C4 and CAM plants to accommodate for its negative impacts on Rubisco (i.e. increased photorespiration). I hope that makes sense!